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| Before the 1980s few sports cars used four-wheel drive |
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Sports Car
A sports car is a small Paolo Rossi Italy Jersey , usually o seat automobile, designed for high speed driving and maneuverability.
Sports cars have been either Spartan or luxurious, but good handling and high performance is requisite.
Early history
1934 Aston Martin Ulster
The sports car tres its roots to early 20th century touring cars. These red in early rallys, such as the Herkor Cup, Prinz Heinrich Fahrt, and Monte Carlo.
The first true sports cars (though the term would not be coined until after World War One) were the 3 litre made in 1910 Vauxhall 20 hp (15 kW) and 2780PS Austro-Daimler (designed by Ferdinand Porsche ).
These would ortly be joined by the French DFP (which beca sorters after tuning by H.M. and W. O. Bentley) and the Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost. In the U.S. (where the type was variously called roadster, speedster, runabout, or re about, there was Epperson, Kassel Paolo Maldini Italy Jersey , Marion, Midland, National, Overland, Stoddard-Dayton, and Thomas among small models (which today would be called sports cars), while Chadwick, Mercer, Stutz, and Simplex were among large ones (which might today be called sports sedans or grand tourers).
In 1921, Ballot premiered its 2LS Mattia Perin Italy Jersey , with a remarkable 75 hp (56 kW) DOHC o liter, designed by Ernest Henry (forrly of Peugeot’s Grand Prix program), capable of 150 kmh (90 mph); at most, one hundred were built in four years. This was followed by the SOHC 2LT and 2LTS. The sa year, Benz built a supercharged 2895PS four for the Coppa Florio; Max Sailer won.
Simson in 1924 offered a Paul Henze-designed 60 hp (45 kW) DOHC 2 liter four, the Simson Supra Type S, in a long-wheelbase 120 kmh (60 mph) tourer and 115 kmh (71 mph) in-carburetor sporter; only thirty were sold, against around three hundred of the SOHC model and 750 of the purod-six Type R. Duerkopp’s Zoller-blown o liter in 1924, as well.
There was a clear cleavage by 1925. As four-sweaters were more profitable, o-seaters increasingly turned over to specialists manufturers, led by Alvis Mattia De Sciglio Italy Jersey , Aston-Martin, and Frazer-Na, with oestring budgets, fanatic followers, and limited sales (today exemplified by Aston and Morgan): beeen 1921 and 1939, 350 Astons were built; 323 Frazer-Naes in the period 1924-39.
By the end of the 1920s, AC produced a 2 liter six, the 3.5 liter Nazzaro had a three-valve OHC (only until 1922), while French makers Amilcar, Bignan, Hispano-Suiza Matteo Darmian Italy Jersey , and Samson had the typical small four-cylinder sorters and Delage, Hotchkiss, and Chenard-Walcker the large tourers. Benz introduced the powerful SS and SSK, and Alfa Roo, the Vittorio Jano-designed 6C.
Two panies would offer the first really reliable sports cars: Austin with the Seven and Morris Garages (MG) with the Midget. The Seven would quickly be “rodded” by nurous panies (as the Type 1 would be a generation later), including Bassett and Dingle (Hamrsmith, London); in 1928, a Cozette blower was fitted to the Seven Super Sports, while Cecil Kimber fitted an 847 Minor engine, and sold more Midgets in the first year than MG’s entire previous production.
Layout
1974 Chevrolet Corvette Stingray, a front-engine Mario Balotelli Italy Jersey , rear drive (RWD) sports car
Porsche Boxster, a rear mid-engine, rear-wheel (RMR) drive sports car
Alpine A110, a rear-engine, rear-wheel (RR) drive sports car
10s Lotus Elan M100, a front-engine, front wheel (FF) drive sports car
An important sports feature on the Skelta G-Force is that it is made of carbon fiber, making it ultra-light.
The drive train and engine layout significantly influences the handling charteristics of an automobile, and is crucially important in the design of a sports car.
The front-engine, rear-wheel drive layout (FR) is mon to sports cars of any era and has survived longer in sports cars than in mainstream automobiles. Examples include the Caterham 7, Mazda MX-5 Marco Verratti Italy Jersey , and the Chevrolet Corvette. More specifically, many such sports cars have a FMR layout, with the centre of mass of the engine beeen the front axle and the firewall.
In search of improved handling and weight distribution, other layouts are sotis used. The RMR layout is monly found only in sports cars-the motor is centre-mounted in the chassis (closer to and behind the driver), and powers only the rear wheels. So high-performance sports car manufturers, such as Ferrari and Lamborghini prefer this layout.
Porsche is one of the few remaining manufturers using the rear-engine, rear-wheel drive layout (RR). The motor’s distributed weight ross the wheels, in a Porsche 911, provides excellent trtion, but the significant mass behind the rear wheels makes it more prone to oversteer in so situations. Porsche has continuously refined the design and in recent years added electronic driving aids (i.e. puterized trtion-stability control) to countert these inherent design ortings.
So sport cars have used the front-engine, front-wheel drive layout (FF) Marco Parolo Italy Jersey , e.g. Fiat Barchetta, Saab Sot and Berkeley cars. This layout is advantageous for small, light, lower power sports cars, as it avoids the extra weight, increased transmission power loss, and pkaging problems of a long driveaft and longitudinal engine of FR vehicles. Yet, its conservative handling effect, particularly understeer, and the ft that many drivers believe rear wheel drive is a more desirable layout for a sports car makes this layout atypical to high-performance sports cars. The FF layout, however Lorenzo Insigne Italy Jersey , is mon in sport pts and hot hatches, and cars in general (excepting sports cars).
Before the 1980s few sports cars used four-wheel drive, which had traditionally added a lot of weight. Although not a sports car, the Audi Quattro proved its worth in rallying. With its improvent in trtion, particularly in adverse weather conditions, four-wheel drive is no longer unmon in high-powered sports cars, e.g. PBinaural beats are an fantast
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| Beitrag vom 05.02.2015 - 11:45 |
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